![]() The worker could then make a more precise visual judgement as to the trueness of plumb horizontal level. This was the first of the plumb bob, against a wood frame that paralleled the surface being measured. This observation made the plumb bob the earliest surveying instrument.īy 2600 BC, we know the Egyptians had taken this concept and created the earliest surveying instruments: the plumb board, the A-Level, T-Level and plumb square. The observation that a heavy object hanging from a string causes the string to hang perpendicular to the earth is easily made. Surveying is still the sign of progress in the development and use of the earth’s resources.Ī plumb, a square, and a square level from the tomb of Senedjem ![]() More recently, the large volume of general construction, numerous land subdivisions with better records required, and demands posed by the fields of exploration and ecology have entailed an augmented surveying program. Increased land values and the importance of exact boundaries, along with the demand for public improvements in the canal, turnpike, and railroad eras, bought surveing into a prominent position. Later its activities were expanded to include establishment of control monuments throughout the country. Initially its charge was to perform hydrographic surveys and prepare nautical charts. ![]() Coast and Geodetic Survey was established by an act of Congress in 1807. The need for maps and location of national boundaries caused England and France to make extensive surveys requiring accurate triangulation thus geodetic surveying began. In the 18th and 19th centuries the art of surveying advanced more rapidly. Geodesy (/dʒiːˈɒdɨsi/), also named geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth. ![]()
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